Research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities (PKD 72.20.Z)
This subclass covers the conduct of scientific research and development in the fields of:
- social sciences (for example economics and finance, psychology, pedagogy, sociological sciences, legal sciences, political and administrative sciences, social communication and media studies, socio-economic geography and spatial management)
- humanities (for example art studies, history, archaeology, literary studies and linguistics, philosophy)
- interdisciplinary fields with a predominance of social sciences and humanities.
This subclass excludes:
- market and public opinion research, classified in 73.20.Z.
Industry statistics (2025)
Number of companies
Companies
31,377
Companies (primary PKD)
1,580
Companies with financials
347
Business turnover
Legal structure
Legal formShare of companiesNumber of companies
- JDG38.5%608
- Sp. z o.o.32.5%514
- Foundation19.7%311
- Association3.6%57
- Sp. j.1.6%26
- S.A.1.4%22
- Other1.1%17
- P.S.A.0.8%13
- Sp. k.0.7%11
Financial results
The calculation excludes new companies that pull financial results down. Only firms with a filing in the previous year are included, so market trends are easier to read.
Median revenue
Ranking
Median revenue compared with other PKD codes.
Top companies by revenue
| # | Company | Legal form | Revenue | Net profit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Research institute | USD 34.75m | USD 498.80k | |
| 2 | Research institute | USD 29.95m | USD 734.05k | |
| 3 | Research institute | USD 19.24m | USD 654.76k | |
| 4 | Research institute | USD 16.27m | USD 198.59k | |
| 5 | sp. z o.o. | USD 14.56m | USD 1.54m | |
| 6 | sp. z o.o. | USD 8.33m | USD 8.09m | |
| 7 | Research institute | USD 4.98m | USD 32.13k | |
| 8 | S.A. | USD 3.76m | USD 6.76k | |
| 9 | Foundation | USD 3.39m | USD 49.92k | |
| 10 | Research institute | USD 3.24m | USD 10.22k |
Fastest-growing companies
| # | Company | Legal form | Revenue | Y/Y growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sp. z o.o. | USD 8.33m | +551.1% y/y | |
| 2 | sp. z o.o. | USD 245.76k | +422.3% y/y | |
| 3 | sp. z o.o. | USD 282.66k | +380.4% y/y | |
| 4 | Foundation | USD 342.30k | +331.5% y/y | |
| 5 | sp. z o.o. | USD 336.89k | +296.1% y/y | |
| 6 | S.A. | USD 3.76m | +87.2% y/y | |
| 7 | Foundation | USD 344.95k | +79.3% y/y | |
| 8 | Foundation | USD 83.08k | +78.2% y/y | |
| 9 | sp. z o.o. | USD 128.15k | +76.3% y/y | |
| 10 | Foundation | USD 284.82k | +75.1% y/y |
Stock market
No companies from this industry are listed.
Related PKD codes in division 72
FAQ
The primary industry for 1,580 companies is research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities. 347 entities have filed financial statements.
So far in 2026, 73 new companies with PKD 72.20.Z have been registered. In all of 2025, there were 89 such companies.
So far in 2026, 6 companies with PKD 72.20.Z have been deregistered. In all of 2025, there were 25 such companies.
In 2025, the median revenue for PKD 72.20.Z was USD 58.62k and the mean revenue was USD 824.06k, based on 222 financial statements. Averages and medians include only companies that file financial statements, excluding sole proprietorships.
Yes, in 2025, the median net profit was USD 1.45k, an improvement on 2024 (USD 318.00). Among all 674 industries in Poland, PKD 72.20.Z ranks 533rd, placing it among the weakest 21%.
The most common legal form for PKD 72.20.Z is a sole proprietorship, used by 608 companies in this industry (38.5% of the total). In second place is sp. z o.o. (514 companies, 32.5%), and in third place – a foundation (311 companies, 19.7%).




